Controlling red rice with mesotrione

ABSTRACT

Methods for controlling weeds in a crop, comprising applying to the weeds a herbicidally effective amount of a composition comprising a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor are presented.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSED SUBJECT MATTER

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to methods forcontrolling weeds using compositions containing p-hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, specifically, mesotrione.

BACKGROUND

One of the more preferred methods of controlling weeds in crops involvesthe post-emergent control of weeds wherein herbicide(s) are appliedafter the crop in question has emerged from the soil. Post-emergentcontrol is desirable as it requires the application of herbicide onlywhere an infestation of weeds is present. In contrast, pre-emergentcontrol requires the application of herbicide early in the growingseason before most weeds have germinated, with the result that suchchemicals must be employed throughout a field even if they wouldultimately not be needed.

p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is an enzyme found in bothplants and animals, which catalyzes the catabolism of the amino acidsphenylalanine and tyrosine. Inhibition of this enzyme has profoundeffects on plants, affecting the formation of homogentisic acid which isa key precursor for the biosynthesis of both tocopherols (vitamin E) andplastoquinone, a critical co-factor in the formation of carotenoids,which protect chlorophyll in plants from being destroyed by sunlight.Mesotrione is a herbicide that works by inhibiting HPPD.

Red rice is a weed that infests cultivated rice growing areas in theUnited States. It is a wild rice type that competes with cultivated ricefor nutrients, water, and space. Presently, there is a need for a methodfor controlling the growth of red rice without harming the cultivatedrice.

SUMMARY

That need is fulfilled by the present disclosure. The present documentdiscloses methods for controlling weeds in a crop, including methods forusing mesotrione to kill the weed red rice without causing high injuryto cultivated rice crops. In one aspect, this method includes applyingto the weeds a herbicidally effective amount of a composition comprisinga p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor.

In one embodiment, the HPPD inhibitor is selected from mesotrione,sulcotrione, nitisinine, tembotrione, topramezone, fenquinotrione,ketospiradox and tefuryltrione. In a preferred embodiment, the HPPDinhibitor is mesotrione.

In another embodiment, the weeds are one or more selected from a groupthat includes red rice, broadleaf signalgrass, barnyardgrass, largecrabgrass, hemp sesbania, yellow nutsedge, and benghal dayflower. In apreferred embodiment, the weed is red rice.

In another embodiment, the crop is rice. In another embodiment, themesotrione is applied at a rate of from 3 to 200 g ai/ha. In a preferredembodiment, the mesotrione is applied at a rate of 3, 6, 12, 12.5, 25,37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100, or 200 g ai/ha.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1. Mestrione (Callisto® Herbicide) in a pre-emergent treatment at50 g ai/ha controlled red rice and yellow nutsedge in a flooded ricetest.

FIG. 2. Mestrione (Callisto® Herbicide) in a pre-emergent treatment at25 g ai/ha controlled yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass in a directseeded dryland rice test.

FIG. 3. Mestrione (Callisto® Herbicide) in a pre-emergent treatment at25 g ai/ha controlled red rice in a direct seeded dryland rice test.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

As used in this application and unless otherwise indicated the term“herbicide” refers to a compositional mixture that is produced, sold, orused in a field in order to kill or otherwise inhibit unwanted plantssuch as, but not limited to, deleterious or annoying weeds, broadleafplants, grasses, and sedges; and can be used for crop protection,edifice protection or turf protection. The term “herbicide” includes theend-use herbicidal product. This composition can be a pure compound, asolution of chemical compounds, a mixture of chemical compounds, anemulsion, a suspension, a solid-liquid mixture, or a liquid-liquidmixture. The term “herbicide” also refers to the product that passesthrough the commercial channels from the manufacturer to the ultimateend user who can either apply the herbicide to the affected field assold, or mix it with other excipients.

The term “weed” means and includes any plant which grows where notwanted.

The term “herbicidally effective amount” means an amount necessary toproduce an observable herbicidal effect on unwanted plant growth,including one or more of the effects of necrosis, death, growthinhibition, reproduction inhibition, inhibition of proliferation, andremoval, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence andactivity of unwanted plants. The term “herbicidally active ingredient”means the active ingredient in the herbicide that causes the herbicideto prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any weed. Other ingredients ofthe herbicide that are not herbicidally active ingredients areexcipients that aid in forming, storing, or delivering herbicidallyactive ingredient to the target. Examples of excipients in the presentembodiment include, without limitation, an organic liquid in whichherbicidally active ingredient is dissolved, a polyurea shell, awater-soluble polymer, and one or more salts.

The definition of the term “herbicidal composition” refers to aherbicide, and in addition, to any composition that comprises aherbicidally active ingredient. This composition can be a solution or amixture. Further, the definition of the term “herbicidal composition”also refers to a product intended for use in manufacturing, or anyproduct intended for formulation or repackaging into other agriculturalproducts.

“HPPD inhibitor” means a compound that inhibitspara-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase.

The compositions included in the methods of the present disclosure canbe in any conventional agriculturally useful form, for example, in theform of a twin pack, or in a ready-to-use formulation, or in the form ofa tank mix. Additionally, the active compounds can be supplied (eitherseparately or pre-mixed) in any appropriate formulation type, forexample an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), asuspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersiblegranule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), a water in oil emulsion(EO), an oil in water emulsion (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oildispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid(OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU),an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a dispersible concentrate (DC), awettable powder (WP) or any other technically feasible formulation incombination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

The compositions and tank mixes of the present disclosure are useful forthe control of susceptible weed species in crops such as rice. In oneembodiment, the susceptible weeds include one or more selected from agroup that includes waterhemp, lambsquarters, velvetleaf, palmeramaranth, pigweed, morning glory, cocklebur, ragweed, broadleafsignalgrass, foxtail, crabgrass, volunteer soybean, nutsedge, Egyptiancrowfoot grass, fumitory, denticulate medick, lesser swine cress, brownbeetle grass, jungle grass, tendla, false amaranth, common purslane,field bindweed, red rice, barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, hemp sesbania,yellow nutsedge, and benghal dayflower. In a preferred embodiment, thesusceptible weed is red rice.

Rates of application of the composition will vary according toprevailing conditions such as targeted weeds, degree of infestation,weather conditions, soil conditions, crop species, mode of application,and application time. Compositions containing an HPPD inhibitor can beapplied as sprays, such as water-dispersible concentrates, wettablepowders, or water-dispersible granules. In one embodiment, the rate ofapplication for active ingredient (“ai”) (e.g. an HPPD inhibitor, suchas mesotrione) is from about 3 to 200 g ai/ha. In a preferredembodiment, the mesotrione is applied at a rate of 3, 6, 12, 12.5, 25,37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100, or 200 g ai/ha.

The compositions included in the methods of the present disclosure canadditionally comprise further crop protection agents. Suitable cropprotection active ingredients for the formulations of the presentdisclosure include the following:

Insecticides: A1) the class of carbamates consisting of aldicarb,alanycarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methiocarb,methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur and thiodicarb; A2) the class oforganophosphates consisting of acephate, azinphos-ethyl,azinphos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl,demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate,disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion,methamidaphos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxymethoate,oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate,phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimiphos-methyl, quinalphos,terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, triazophos and trichlorfon; A3) the classof cyclodiene organochlorine compounds such as endosulfan; A4) the classof fiproles consisting of ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole andpyriprole; A5) the class of neonicotinoids consisting of acetamiprid,chlothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid andthiamethoxam; A6) the class of spinosyns such as spinosad andspinetoram; A7) chloride channel activators from the class of mectinsconsisting of abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin andmilbemectin; A8) juvenile hormone mimics such as hydroprene, kinoprene,methoprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen; A9) selective homopteranfeeding blockers such as pymetrozine, flonicamid and pyrifluquinazon;A10) mite growth inhibitors such as clofentezine, hexythiazox andetoxazole; A11) inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase such asdiafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide and propargite; uncouplers of oxidativephosphorylation such as chlorfenapyr; A12) nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor channel blockers such as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride,thiocyclam and thiosultap sodium; A13) inhibitors of the chitinbiosynthesis type 0 from the benzoylurea class consisting ofbistrifluron, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron,novaluron and teflubenzuron; A14) inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesistype 1 such as buprofezin; A15) moulting disruptors such as cyromazine;A16) ecdyson receptor agonists such as methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide,halofenozide and chromafenozide; A17) octopamin receptor agonists suchas amitraz; A18) mitochondrial complex electron transport inhibitorspyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, cyenopyrafen,cyflumetofen, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim; A19)voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers such as indoxacarb andmetaflumizone; A20) inhibitors of the lipid synthesis such asspirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat; A21) ryanodinereceptor-modulators from the class of diamides consisting offlubendiamide, the phthalamide compounds(R)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamidand(S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid,chloranthraniliprole and cyanthraniliprole; A22) compounds of unknown oruncertain mode of action such as azadirachtin, amidoflumet, bifenazate,fluensulfone, piperonyl butoxide, pyridalyl, sulfoxaflor; or A23) sodiumchannel modulators from the class of pyrethroids consisting ofacrinathrin, allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin,cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin,deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate,flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, permethrin, silafluofen andtralomethrin.

Fungicides: B1) azoles selected from the group consisting of bitertanol,bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole,enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, fenbuconazole,flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole,metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole,simeconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole,triticonazole, prochloraz, pefurazoate, imazalil, triflumizole,cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim, thia-bendazole, fuberidazole,ethaboxam, etridiazole and hymexazole, azaconazole, diniconazole-M,oxpoconazol, paclobutrazol, uniconazol,1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol andimazalilsulfphate; B2) strobilurins selected from the group consistingof azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin,kresoxim-methyl, methominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin,pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin, methyl(2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate, methyl(2-chloro-5-[1-(6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamateand methyl2-(ortho-(2,5-dimethylphenyloxymethylene)-phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate,2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamideand3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclopropanecarboximidoylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl)-acrylicacid methyl ester; B3) carboxamides selected from the group consistingof carboxin, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr,mepronil, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin,penthiopyrad, isopyrazam, thifluzamide, tiadinil,3,4-dichloro-N-(2-cyanophenyl)isothiazole-5-carboxamide, dimethomorph,flumorph, flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), zoxamide,carpropamid, diclocymet, mandipropamid,N-(2-(4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-ynyloxy]-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-methanesulfonyl-amino-3-methylbutyramide,N-(2-(4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-ynyloxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl)-2-ethanesulfonylamino-3-methylbutyramide,methyl3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)propionate,N-(4′-bromobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-methylthiazole-δ-carboxamide,N-(4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-3′-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxamide,N-(3,4′-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(2-cyano-phenyl)-3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxamide,2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide,N-(2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,5-difluoro-4′-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,5-difluoro-4′-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(cis-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(trans-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,fluopyram,N-(3-ethyl-3,5-5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxy-benzamide,oxytetracyclin, silthiofam, N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, 2-iodo-N-phenyl-benzamide,N-(2-bicyclo-propyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoropyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorofluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorodifluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoropyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorofluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorodifluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-[4′-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamideandN-[4′-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;B4) heterocyclic compounds selected from the group consisting offluazinam, pyrifenox, bupirimate, cyprodinil, fenarimol, ferimzone,mepanipyrim, nuarimol, pyrimethanil, triforine, fenpiclonil,fludioxonil, aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph,fenpropidin, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, famoxadone,fenamidone, octhilinone, proben-azole,5-chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine,anilazine, diclomezine, pyroquilon, proquinazid, tricyclazole,2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol,captan, dazomet, folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen,N,N-dimethyl-3-(3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylindole-1-sulfonyl)-[1,2,4]triazole-1-sulfonamide,5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2,7-diamine,2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine,3,4,5-trichloro-pyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile,N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)-2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide,N-((5-bromo-3-chloro pyridin-2-yl)-methyl)-2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide,diflumetorim, nitrapyrin, dodemorphacetate, fluoroimid, blasticidin-S,chinomethionat, debacarb, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulphate,oxolinic acid and piperalin; B5) carbamates selected from the groupconsisting of mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb, metiram, ferbam,propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, diethofencarb, iprovalicarb,benthiavalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, 4-fluorophenylN-(1-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-ethanesulfonyl)but-2-yl)carbamate, methyl3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)propanoate;or B6) other fungicides selected from the group consisting of guanidine,dodine, dodine free base, iminoctadine, guazatine, antibiotics:kasugamycin, streptomycin, polyoxin, validamycin A, nitrophenylderivatives: binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton, sulfur-containingheterocyclyl compounds: dithianon, isoprothiolane, organometalliccompounds: fentin salts, organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos,iprobenfos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts,pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, organochlorine compounds: dichlofluanid,flusulfamide, hexachloro-benzene, phthalide, pencycuron, quintozene,thiophanate-methyl, tolylfluanid, others: cyflufenamid, cymoxanil,dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, metrafenone and spiroxamine,guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine-triacetate,iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate,dichlorophen, pentachlorophenol and its salts,N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,dicloran, nitrothal-isopropyl, tecnazen, biphenyl, bronopol,diphenylamine, mildiomycin, oxincopper, prohexadione calcium,N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoromethoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenylacetamide,N′-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine,N′-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine,N′-(2-methyl-5-trifluormethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidineandN′-(5-difluormethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine.

Herbicides: C1) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACC), for examplecyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as alloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim,cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxydim, clefoxydim ortepraloxydim; phenoxyphenoxypropionic esters, such asclodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl,fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl,fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl,haloxyfop-P-methyl, isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl,quizalofop-P-ethyl or quizalofop-tefuryl; or arylaminopropionic acids,such as flamprop-methyl or flamprop-isopropyl; C2 acetolactate synthaseinhibitors (ALS), for example imidazolinones, such as imazapyr,imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazamox, imazapic orimazethapyr; pyrimidyl ethers, such as pyrithiobac-acid,pyrithiobac-sodium, bispyribac-sodium. KIH-6127 or pyribenzoxym;sulfonamides, such as florasulam, flumetsulam or metosulam; orsulfonylureas, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl,chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron,ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron,primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron,sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron,tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, sulfosulfuron,foramsulfuron or iodosulfuron; C3) amides, for example allidochlor(CDAA), benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide, chlorthiamid. diphenamid,etobenzanid, fluthiamide, fosamin or monalide; C4) auxin herbicides, forexample pyridinecarboxylic acids, such as clopyralid or picloram; or2,4-D or benazolin; C5) auxin transport inhibitors, for examplenaptalame or diflufenzopyr; C6) carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, forexample benzofenap, clomazone, diflufenican, fluorochloridone,fluridone, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole,mesotrione, sulcotrione (chlormesulone), ketospiradox, flurtamone,norflurazon or amitrol; C7) enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthaseinhibitors (EPSPS), for example glyphosate or sulfosate; C8) glutaminesynthetase inhibitors, for example bilanafos or glufosinate-ammonium;C9) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example anilides, such asanilofos or mefenacet; chloroacetanilides, such as dimethenamid,S-dimethenamid, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor,diethatyl-ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor,pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor orxylachlor; thioureas, such as butylate, cycloate, di-allate,dimepiperate, EPTC. esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb,thiobencarb (benthiocarb), tri-allate or vemolate; or benfuresate orperfluidone; C10) mitosis inhibitors, for example carbamates, such asasulam, carbetamid, chlorpropham, orbencarb, propyzamid, propham ortiocarbazil; dinitroanilines, such as benefin, butralin, dinitramin,ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine ortrifluralin; pyridines, such as dithiopyr or thiazopyr; or butamifos,chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA) or maleic hydrazide; C11) protoporphyrinogenIX oxidase inhibitors, for example diphenyl ethers, such as acifluorfen,acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomitrofen (CNP), ethoxyfen,fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen,nitrofen, nitrofluorfen or oxyfluorfen; oxadiazoles, such as oxadiargylor oxadiazon; cyclic imides, such as azafenidin, butafenacil,carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin,flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, sulfentrazone orthidiazimin; or pyrazoles, such as ET-751, JV 485 or nipyraclofen; C12)photosynthesis inhibitors, for example propanil, pyridate or pyridafol;benzothiadiazinones, such as bentazone; dinitrophenols, for examplebromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb-acetate, dinoterb or DNOC; dipyridylenes,such as cyperquat-chloride, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diquat orparaquat-dichloride; ureas, such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron,difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron,isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, methazole,metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron or tebuthiuron;phenols, such as bromoxynil or ioxynil; chloridazon; triazines, such asametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmein, dimethamethryn, hexazinone,prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton,terbutryn, terbutylazine or trietazine; triazinones, such as metamitronor metribuzin; uracils, such as bromacil, lenacil or terbacil; orbiscarbamates, such as desmedipham or phenmedipham; C13) synergists, forexample oxiranes, such as tridiphane; C14) CIS cell wall synthesisinhibitors, for example isoxaben or dichlobenil; C16) various otherherbicides, for example dichloropropionic acids, such as dalapon;dihydrobenzofurans, such as ethofumesate; phenylacetic acids, such aschlorfenac (fenac); or aziprotryn, barban, bensulide, benzthiazuron,benzofluor, buminafos, buthidazole, buturon, cafenstrole, chlorbufam,chlorfenprop-methyl, chloroxuron, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cycluron,cyprazine, cyprazole, dibenzyluron, dipropetryn, dymron,eglinazin-ethyl, endothall, ethiozin, flucabazone, fluorbentranil,flupoxam, isocarbamid, isopropalin, karbutilate, mefluidide, monuron,napropamide, napropanilide, nitralin, oxaciclomefone, phenisopham,piperophos, procyazine, profluralin, pyributicarb, secbumeton,sulfallate (CDEC), terbucarb, triaziflam, triazofenamid or trimeturon;or their environmentally compatible salts.

Plant Growth Regulators: D1) Antiauxins, such as clofibric acid,2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; D2) Auxins such as 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB,2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA, IBA, naphthaleneacetamide,α-naphthaleneacetic acids, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acids, potassiumnaphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T; D3) cytokinins, such as 2iP,benzyladenine, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, kinetin, zeatin; D4)defoliants, such as calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon,merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos; D5)ethylene inhibitors, such as aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene; D6)ethylene releasers, such as ACC, etacelasil, ethephon, glyoxime; D7)gametocides, such as fenridazon, maleic hydrazide; D8) gibberellins,such as gibberellins, gibberellic acid; D9) growth inhibitors, such asabscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium,chlorpropham, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine,isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, piproctanyl,prohydrojasmon, propham, tiaojiean, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; D10)morphactins, such as chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol,flurenol; D11) growth retardants, such as chlormequat, daminozide,flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis, uniconazole; D12)growth stimulators, such as brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, DCPTA,forchlorfenuron, hymexazol, prosuler, triacontanol; D13) unclassifiedplant growth regulators, such as bachmedesh, benzofluor, buminafos,carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cyanamide, cyclanilide,cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene,fuphenthiourea, furalane, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan,lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, prohexadione, pydanon, sintofen,triapenthenol, trinexapac.

The compositions included in the methods of the present disclosure canalso include a preservative. Suitable preservatives include but are notlimited to C₁₂ to C₁₅ alkyl benzoates, alkyl p-hydroxybenzoates, aloevera extract, ascorbic acid, benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid,benzoic acid esters of C₉ to C₁₅ alcohols, butylated hydroxytoluene,butylated hydroxyanisole, tert-butylhydroquinone, castor oil, cetylalcohols, chlorocresol, citric acid, cocoa butter, coconut oil,diazolidinyl urea, diisopropyl adipate, dimethyl polysiloxane, DMDMhydantoin, ethanol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, fatty acids, fattyalcohols, hexadecyl alcohol, hydroxybenzoate esters, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, isononyl iso-nonanoate, jojoba oil, lanolin oil, mineraloil, oleic acid, olive oil, parabens, polyethers, polyoxypropylene butylether, polyoxypropylene cetyl ether, potassium sorbate, propyl gallate,silicone oils, sodium propionate, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite,sorbic acid, stearic fatty acid, sulfur dioxide, vitamin E, vitamin Eacetate and derivatives, esters, salts and mixtures thereof. Preferredpreservatives include sodium o-phenylphenate,5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one,and 1,2-benisothiazolin-3-one.

The following examples serve only to illustrate the invention and shouldnot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention in any way,since further modifications encompassed by the disclosed invention willbe apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications aredeemed to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the presentspecification and claims.

EXAMPLES Example #1 The Application of Mesotrione to Flooded and DrylandRice

In greenhouse studies, mesotrione (Callisto® Herbicide available fromSyngenta Crop Protection, 40% active ingredient, “AI” or “ai”) wasapplied at 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, or 100 g ai/ha, whileclomazone (Command® 3 ME Herbicide available from FMC Corporation, 31.4%AI) was applied at 200 g ai/ha as a commercial standard.

Pre-Emergent Evaluation on Flooded Rice:

Rice (Oryza sativa) crop varieties (‘Cybonee’, ‘Jupiter’, and ‘Taggart’)and red rice (Oryza sativa) were planted in 6 inch plastic potscontaining sterile top soil. Eight to ten seeds of each species wereseeded at 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock or 9 o'clock around the pot.The pots were watered after planting. Test solutions were prepared bydiluting Callisto® Herbicide with water to the appropriate test rate.The test solutions were applied using a compressed air track spraychamber at 30 gallons per acre using a Teejet 8001E nozzle at 40 PSI,three replicates per test rate. After treatment, the pots were wateredlightly and transferred to trays in a greenhouse. After the plants weretwo inches in height the trays were flooded with water and maintained assuch for 14 days. The trays were emptied of water and the pots weremaintained by regular watering for 4 more days. At 14, 21 and 28 daysafter treatment (DAT) the plants were evaluated versus untreated controlpots containing the same rice and weeds using a scale of 0% (no control)to 100% (complete plant death).

Pre-Emergent Evaluation on Dryland Rice:

Rice (Oryza sativa) was planted in 6″ by 10″ fiber flats filled withsterile top soil. Five rows were made in each flat and the three ricevarieties (′Cybonee, ‘Jupiter’, and ‘Taggart’) were planted in thecenter 3 rows and a row of red rice (Oryza sativa) was planted on eitherend of the flat. The flats were watered after planting. Afterapplication flats were placed in the greenhouse and lightly watered.Treatments of Callisto® Herbicide were applied using compressed air in atrack spray chamber at 30 GPA using a TeeJet 8001E nozzle at 40 PSI).The flats were moved to a greenhouse and watered and fertilizedroutinely. Studies were conducted using randomized complete block designwith four replications. In both studies, visual percent red rice controland rice injury were recorded at 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment(DAT), using a scale of 0 (no control/injury) to 100 (complete plantdeath).

Results:

TABLE 1 Percent red rice control and rice injury at 14 DAT whenmesotrione was applied to direct-seeded flooded rice as PRE. RateTreatment g ai/ha Cybonet Jupiter Taggart Red rice Non-treated Check — 0 B  0 B  0 B  0 D Mesotrione 12.5  2 B  2 B  4 B 68 BC Mesotrione 25 0 B  2 B  1 B 70 ABC Mesotrione 37.5  3 B  4 B  4 B 78 AB Mesotrione 50 4 B  2 B  7 B 81 AB Mesotrione 62.5 11 B  5 B 12 B 81 AB Mesotrione 75 9 B  6 B 12 B 84 A Mesotrione 87.5 12 B 12 B 19 B 80 AB Mesotrione 10011 B 11 B 18 B 84 A Clomazone 200 41 A 60 A 58 A 56 C

TABLE 2 Percent red rice control and rice injury at 21 DAT whenmesotrione was applied to direct-seeded flooded rice as PRE. RateTreatment g ai/ha Cybonet Jupiter Taggart Red rice Non-treated Check — 0 C  0 D  0 D  0 C Mesotrione 12.5  1 C  0 D  1 D 91 A Mesotrione 25  4C  0 D  1 D 97 A Mesotrione 37.5  8 C  1 CD  1 D 98 A Mesotrione 50  6 C 3 CD  6 D 97 A Mesotrione 62.5 13 BC  5 CD 10 CD 97 A Mesotrione 75 32ABC 13 BCD 25 BCD 98 A Mesotrione 87.5 44 AB 22 BC 35 BC 98 A Mesotrione100 49 A 28 B 38 B 98 A Clomazone 200 58 A 86 A 76 A 59 B

TABLE 3 Percent red rice control and rice injury at 28 DAT whenmesotrione was applied to direct-seeded flooded rice as PRE. RateTreatment g ai/ha Cybonet Jupiter Taggart Red rice Non-treated Check — 0 D  0 D  0 C  0 C Mesotrione 12.5  5 CD  2 D  2 C  93 A Mesotrione 25 7 CD  2 D  4 C  97 A Mesotrione 37.5  9 CD  4 D  4 C 100 A Mesotrione50  7 CD  5 D  9 C  99 A Mesotrione 62.5 17 BCD  8 CD  9 C  99 AMesotrione 75 32 ABC 20 BCD 29 BC 100 A Mesotrione 87.5 52 A 44 B 42 AB 98 A Mesotrione 100 62 A 41 BC 53 AB 100 A Clomazone 200 49 AB 79 A 71A  52 B

TABLE 4 Percent red rice control and rice injury at 14 DAT whenmesotrione was applied to direct-seeded dryland rice as PRE. RateTreatment g ai/ha Cybonet Jupiter Taggart Red rice Non-treated Check — 0 D  0 E  0 E  0 E Mesotrione 12.5  6 BCD  0 E  0 E 33 D Mesotrione 25 1 D  0 E  0 E 70 B Mesotrione 37.5  1 D  2 DE  1 E 74 B Mesotrione 50 1 D  3 DE  2 DE 79 A Mesotrione 62.5  4 D  5 CD  6 C 80 A Mesotrione 75 5 CD  8 BC  5 CD 80 A Mesotrione 87.5 11 BC 10 BC  9 BC 80 A Mesotrione100 12 B 11 B 11 B 80 A Clomazone 200 35 A 31 A 40 A 38 C

TABLE 5 Percent red rice control and rice injury at 21 DAT whenmesotrione was applied to direct-seeded dryland rice as PRE. RateTreatment g ai/ha Cybonet Jupiter Taggart Red rice Non-treated Check — 0 E  0 E  0 C  0 E Mesotrione 12.5  5 DE  0 E  0 C 60 C Mesotrione 25 1 E  0 E  0 C 81 B Mesotrione 37.5  1 E  2 DE  1 BC 84 AB Mesotrione 50 5 DE  6 CDS  5 BC 86 AB Mesotrione 62.5  5 DE  7 CD  9 BC 89 ABMesotrione 75  8 BCD 10 BC 10 BC 90 A Mesotrione 87.5 12 BC 11 BC 11 BC90 A Mesotrione 100 13 B 14 B 13 B 90 A Clomazone 200 39 A 41 A 60 A 50D

TABLE 6 Percent red rice control and rice injury at 28 DAT whenmesotrione was applied to direct-seeded dryland rice as PRE. RateTreatment g ai/ha Cybonet Jupiter Taggart Red rice Mon-treated Check — 0 E  0 D  0 D  0 D Mesotrione 12.5  5 DE  0 D  0 D 62 B Mesotrione 25 1 E  0 D  0 D 89 A Mesotrione 37.5  1 E  1 D  1 D 88 A Mesotrione 50  6DE  6 CD  6 CD 91 A Mesotrione 62.5  9 DE  8 CD 12 BCD 92 A Mesotrione75 15 CD 21 BC 23 BC 92 A Mesotrione 87.5 25 BC 26 B 29 B 95 AMesotrione 100 33 AB 56 A 50 A 93 A Clomazone 200 43 A 44 A 66 A 46 C

PRE Flooded Rice—

As can be seen from the data in Tables 1 through 3, Callisto® Herbicideunexpectedly controlled red rice at all rates (≧90% control) and wassafe (10% or less injury) on ‘Cybonee’, ‘Jupiter’ and ‘Taggart’varieties of rice at application rates up to 50 g ai/ha. Clomazone at200 g ai/ha injured all varieties of rice and failed to control redrice.

PRE Dryland Rice—

Similar as can be seen from the data in Tables 4 through 6, to floodedrice, Callisto® Herbicide unexpectedly controlled red rice at rates upto 62.5 g ai/ha without affecting the safety of ‘Cybonee’ and ‘Jupiter’varieties of rice, and at rates up to 50 g ai/ha for ‘Taggart” variety.Clomazone at 200 g ai/ha injured all varieties of rice and failed tocontrol red rice.

Example #2 Pre-Emergent Weed Control Using Mesotrione in Direct-SeededFlooded Rice

Seeds of crops, rice (Taggart and Wells varieties) and weeds, yellownutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli),large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), hemp sesbania (Sesbaniaherbacea), Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis), red rice (Oryzasativa) and broadleaf signalgrass (Urochloa platyphylla) were planted intwo gallon pots containing top soil. Each pot was watered well beforethe application of mesotrione (Callisto® Herbicide from Syngenta CropProtection). Test solutions were prepared by diluting Callisto®Herbicide with water to the appropriate test rate. The test solutionswere applied using a compressed air track spray chamber at 30 gallonsper acre using a Teejet 8001E nozzle at 40 PSI, three replicates pertest rate. After treatment, the pots were watered lightly andtransferred to trays in a greenhouse. After ten days the trays wereflooded with water and maintained as such for 14 days. The trays wereemptied of water and the pots were maintained by regular watering for 4more days. At 28 days after treatment the plants were evaluated versusuntreated control pots containing the same rice and weeds using a scaleof 0% (no control) to 100% (complete plant death). The average percentweed control and average percent of rice injury is summarized in Table 7below.

TABLE 7 Pre-Emergent Weed Control and Rice Injury Using Mesotrione(Callisto ® Herbicide) Rate of % weed control and Rice Injury 28 DaysAfter Treatment Treatment Rice Rice Red Signal- Barnyard- Crab- Day-Nut- g ai/ha Taggert Wells Rice grass grass grass Hemp flower sedge 6 00 23 23 10 70 0 17 38 12 2 2 33 23 32 100 30 63 77 25 4 4 90 57 35 10013 67 92 50 8 5 100 90 62 100 45 93 97 100 10 12 97 98 82 100 98 83 100200 53 47 100 100 100 100 100 90 100

As shown by this data, mesotrione unexpectedly controls red rice whilesafe on white rice.

While this invention has been described with an emphasis upon preferredembodiments, it will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the artthat variations in the preferred compositions and methods can be usedand that it is intended that the invention can be practiced otherwisethan as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this inventionincludes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope ofthe invention as defined by the claims that follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for controlling red rice present incultivated rice, comprising applying to said red rice a herbicidallyeffective amount of a composition comprises a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor present in an amount of up to 50 g ai/ha,wherein said HPPD inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:mesotrione; sulcotrione; nitisinone; tembotrione; topramezone;fenquinotrione; ketospiradox and tefuryltrione; and wherein saidapplication of HPPD inhibitor is safe for use on the cultivated rice. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the HPPD inhibitor is mesotrione.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said mesotrione is applied at a rate of 3, 6,12, 12.5, 25, 37.5, or 50 g ai/ha.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein thecomposition further comprises a crop protection agent.
 5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the crop protection agent is selected from A1) theclass of carbamates consisting of aldicarb, alanycarb, benfuracarb,carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl,pirimicarb, propoxur and thiodicarb; A2) the class of organophosphatesconsisting of acephate, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl,chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, demeton-S-methyl,diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion,fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion, methamidaphos,methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxymethoate, oxydemeton-methyl,parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet,phosphamidon, pirimiphos-methyl, quinalphos, terbufos,tetrachlorvinphos, triazophos and trichlorfon; A3) the class ofcyclodiene organochlorine compounds such as endosulfan; A4) the class offiproles consisting of ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole and pyriprole;A5) the class of neonicotinoids consisting of acetamiprid,chlothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid andthiamethoxam; A6) the class of spinosyns such as spinosad andspinetoram; A7) chloride channel activators from the class of mectinsconsisting of abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin andmilbemectin; A8) juvenile hormone mimics such as hydroprene, kinoprene,methoprene, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen; A9) selective homopteranfeeding blockers such as pymetrozine, flonicamid and pyrifluquinazon;A10) mite growth inhibitors such as clofentezine, hexythiazox andetoxazole; A11) inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase such asdiafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide and propargite; uncouplers of oxidativephosphorylation such as chlorfenapyr; A12) nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor channel blockers such as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride,thiocyclam and thiosultap sodium; A13) inhibitors of the chitinbiosynthesis type 0 from the benzoylurea class consisting ofbistrifluron, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron,novaluron and teflubenzuron; A14) inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesistype 1 such as buprofezin; A15) moulting disruptors such as cyromazine;A16) ecdyson receptor agonists such as methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide,halofenozide and chromafenozide; A17) octopamin receptor agonists suchas amitraz; A18) mitochondrial complex electron transport inhibitorspyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, cyenopyrafen,cyflumetofen, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim; A19)voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers such as indoxacarb andmetaflumizone; A20) inhibitors of the lipid synthesis such asspirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat; A21) ryanodinereceptor-modulators from the class of diamides consisting offlubendiamide, the phthalamide compounds(R)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamidand(S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid,chloranthraniliprole and cyanthraniliprole; A22) compounds of unknown oruncertain mode of action such as azadirachtin, amidoflumet, bifenazate,fluensulfone, piperonyl butoxide, pyridalyl, sulfoxaflor; or A23) sodiumchannel modulators from the class of pyrethroids consisting ofacrinathrin, allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin,cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin,deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate,flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, permethrin, silafluofen andtralomethrin; B1) azoles selected from the group consisting ofbitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole,enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, fenbuconazole,flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole,metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole,simeconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole,triticonazole, prochloraz, pefurazoate, imazalil, triflumizole,cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim, thia-bendazole, fuberidazole,ethaboxam, etridiazole and hymexazole, azaconazole, diniconazole-M,oxpoconazol, paclobutrazol, uniconazol,1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol andimazalilsulfphate; B2) strobilurins selected from the group consistingof azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin,kresoxim-methyl, methominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin,pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin, methyl(2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate, methyl(2-chloro-5-[1-(6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamateand methyl2-(ortho-(2,5-dimethylphenyloxymethylene)-phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate,2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamideand3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclopropanecarboximidoylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl)-acrylicacid methyl ester; B3) carboxamides selected from the group consistingof carboxin, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr,mepronil, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin,penthiopyrad, isopyrazam, thifluzamide, tiadinil,3,4-dichloro-N-(2-cyanophenyl)isothiazole-5-carboxamide, dimethomorph,flumorph, flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), zoxamide,carpropamid, diclocymet, mandipropamid,N-(2-(4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-ynyloxy]-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-methanesulfonyl-amino-3-methylbutyramide,N-(2-(4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-ynyloxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl)-2-ethanesulfonylamino-3-methylbutyramide,methyl3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonyl-amino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)propionate,N-(4′-bromobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-methylthiazole-δ-carboxamide,N-(4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-3′-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxamide,N-(3,4′-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(2-cyano-phenyl)-3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxamide,2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide,N-(2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-IH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,5-difluoro-4′-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,5-difluoro-4′-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(cis-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(trans-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,fluopyram,N-(3-ethyl-3,5-5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxy-benzamide,oxytetracyclin, silthiofam, N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, 2-iodo-N-phenyl-benzamide,N-(2-bicyclo-propyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoropyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorofluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′, 4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorodifluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoropyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorofluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorodifluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(2′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-difluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-fluoro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(4′-chloro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-[4′-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamideandN-[4′-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;B4) heterocyclic compounds selected from the group consisting offluazinam, pyrifenox, bupirimate, cyprodinil, fenarimol, ferimzone,mepanipyrim, nuarimol, pyrimethanil, triforine, fenpiclonil,fludioxonil, aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph,fenpropidin, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, famoxadone,fenamidone, octhilinone, proben-azole,5-chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine,anilazine, diclomezine, pyroquilon, proquinazid, tricyclazole,2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol,captan, dazomet, folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen,N,N-dimethyl-3-(3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylindole-1-sulfonyl)-[1,2,4]triazole-1-sulfonamide,5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2,7-diamine,2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine,3,4,5-trichloro-pyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile,N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)-2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide,N-((5-bromo-3-chloro pyridin-2-yl)-methyl)-2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide,diflumetorim, nitrapyrin, dodemorphacetate, fluoroimid, blasticidin-S,chinomethionat, debacarb, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulphate,oxolinic acid and piperalin; B5) carbamates selected from the groupconsisting of mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb, metiram, ferbam,propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, diethofencarb, iprovalicarb,benthiavalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, 4-fluorophenylN-(1-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-ethanesulfonyl)but-2-yl)carbamate, methyl3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)propanoate;or B6) other fungicides selected from the group consisting of guanidine,dodine, dodine free base, iminoctadine, guazatine, antibiotics:kasugamycin, streptomycin, polyoxin, validamycin A, nitrophenylderivatives: binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton, sulfur-containingheterocyclyl compounds: dithianon, isoprothiolane, organometalliccompounds: fentin salts, organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos,iprobenfos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts,pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, organochlorine compounds: dichlofluanid,flusulfamide, hexachloro-benzene, phthalide, pencycuron, quintozene,thiophanate-methyl, tolylfluanid, others: cyflufenamid, cymoxanil,dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, metrafenone and spiroxamine,guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine-triacetate,iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate,dichlorophen, pentachlorophenol and its salts,N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,dicloran, nitrothal-isopropyl, tecnazen, biphenyl, bronopol,diphenylamine, mildiomycin, oxincopper, prohexadione calcium,N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoromethoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenylacetamide,N′-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine,N′-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine,N′-(2-methyl-5-trifluormethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidineandN′-(5-difluormethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine; C1) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACC), for examplecyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as alloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim,cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxydim, clefoxydim ortepraloxydim; phenoxyphenoxypropionic esters, such asclodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl,fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl,fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl,haloxyfop-P-methyl, isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl,quizalofop-P-ethyl or quizalofop-tefuryl; or arylaminopropionic acids,such as flamprop-methyl or flamprop-isopropyl; C2 acetolactate synthaseinhibitors (ALS), for example imidazolinones, such as imazapyr,imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazamox, imazapic orimazethapyr; pyrimidyl ethers, such as pyrithiobac-acid,pyrithiobac-sodium, bispyribac-sodium, KIH-6127 or pyribenzoxym;sulfonamides, such as florasulam, flumetsulam or metosulam; orsulfonylureas, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl,chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron,ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron,halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron,primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron,sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron,tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, sulfosulfuron,foramsulfuron or iodosulfuron; C3) amides, for example allidochlor(CDAA), benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide, chlorthiamid, diphenamid,etobenzanid, fluthiamide, fosamin or monalide; C4) auxin herbicides, forexample pyridinecarboxylic acids, such as clopyralid or picloram; or2,4-D or benazolin; C5) auxin transport inhibitors, for examplenaptalame or diflufenzopyr; C6) carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, forexample benzofenap, clomazone, diflufenican, fluorochloridone,fluridone, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole,mesotrione, sulcotrione (chlormesulone), ketospiradox, flurtamone,norflurazon or amitrol; C7) enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthaseinhibitors (EPSPS), for example glyphosate or sulfosate; C8) glutaminesynthetase inhibitors, for example bilanafos or glufosinate-ammonium;C9) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example anilides, such asanilofos or mefenacet; chloroacetanilides, such as dimethenamid,S-dimethenamid, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor,diethatyl-ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor,pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor orxylachlor; thioureas, such as butylate, cycloate, di-allate,dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb,thiobencarb (benthiocarb), tri-allate or vemolate; or benfuresate orperfluidone; C10) mitosis inhibitors, for example carbamates, such asasulam, carbetamid, chlorpropham, orbencarb, propyzamid, propham ortiocarbazil; dinitroanilines, such as benefin, butralin, dinitramin,ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine ortrifluralin; pyridines, such as dithiopyr or thiazopyr; or butamifos,chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA) or maleic hydrazide; C11) protoporphyrinogenIX oxidase inhibitors, for example diphenyl ethers, such as acifluorfen,acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomitrofen (CNP), ethoxyfen,fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen,nitrofen, nitrofluorfen or oxyfluorfen; oxadiazoles, such as oxadiargylor oxadiazon; cyclic imides, such as azafenidin, butafenacil,carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin,flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, sulfentrazone orthidiazimin; or pyrazoles, such as ET-751, JV 485 or nipyraclofen; C12)photosynthesis inhibitors, for example propanil, pyridate or pyridafol;benzothiadiazinones, such as bentazone; dinitrophenols, for examplebromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb-acetate, dinoterb or DNOC; dipyridylenes,such as cyperquat-chloride, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diquat orparaquat-dichloride; ureas, such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron,difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron,isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, methazole,metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron or tebuthiuron;phenols, such as bromoxynil or ioxynil; chloridazon; triazines, such asametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmein, dimethamethryn, hexazinone,prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton,terbutryn, terbutylazine or trietazine; triazinones, such as metamitronor metribuzin; uracils, such as bromacil, lenacil or terbacil; orbiscarbamates, such as desmedipham or phenmedipham; C13) synergists, forexample oxiranes, such as tridiphane; C14) CIS cell wall synthesisinhibitors, for example isoxaben or dichlobenil; C16) dichloropropionicacids, dalapon; dihydrobenzofurans, ethofumesate; phenylacetic acids,chlorfenac (fenac); or aziprotryn, barban, bensulide, benzthiazuron,benzofluor, buminafos, buthidazole, buturon, cafenstrole, chlorbufam,chlorfenprop-methyl, chloroxuron, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cycluron,cyprazine, cyprazole, dibenzyluron, dipropetryn, dymron,eglinazin-ethyl, endothall, ethiozin, flucabazone, fluorbentranil,flupoxam, isocarbamid, isopropalin, karbutilate, mefluidide, monuron,napropamide, napropanilide, nitralin, oxaciclomefone, phenisopham,piperophos, procyazine, profluralin, pyributicarb, secbumeton,sulfallate (CDEC), terbucarb, triaziflam, triazofenamid or trimeturon;D1) Antiauxins, clofibric acid, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; D2) Auxins4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA, IBA,naphthaleneacetamide, α-naphthaleneacetic acids, 1-naphthol,naphthoxyacetic acids, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate,2,4,5-T; D3) cytokinins, such as 2iP, benzyladenine, 4-hydroxyphenethylalcohol, kinetin, zeatin; D4) defoliants, calcium cyanamide, dimethipin,endothal, ethephon, merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron,tribufos; D5) ethylene inhibitors, aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene; D6)ethylene releasers, such as ACC, etacelasil, ethephon, glyoxime; D7)gametocides, fenridazon, maleic hydrazide; D8) gibberellins, such asgibberellins, gibberellic acid; D9) growth inhibitors, abscisic acid,ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac,flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonicacid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham,tiaojiean, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; D10) morphactins, such aschlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol; D11) growthretardants, chlormequat, daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide,paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis, uniconazole; D12) growth stimulators,brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, DCPTA, forchlorfenuron, hymexazol,prosuler, triacontanol; D13) unclassified plant growth regulators,bachmedesh, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide,clofencet, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide,epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fuphenthiourea, furalane,heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate,methasulfocarb, prohexadione, pydanon, sintofen, triapenthenol, ortrinexapac.